About Myself: Alone Together Essay

1)Specifically, which primary points do you both understand and agree or disagree with? In â€Å"Alone Together† Sherry Turkle explains the connection between people and technology. She talks about the excitement of talking to someone through a computer; you can become anyone you want, and it also gives you the courage to say anything you want. When you’re behind a computer, it’s easy to tell someone what you think. The same goes for texting. It’s so much easier when you are mad at someone about something to text it to them instead of calling them. You can still express your emotions, by using smiley face or other faces. You’re basically showing emotions through text messaging. It might be convenient to send a quick message to someone instead of having to call them. See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay I am one of the people that have given in so much to technology. I notice too that when my girlfriend and I will argue about something; we will just text each other back and forth and solve the problem that way. I think in that way texting is a good thing, because instead of shouting or saying things you do not mean, you are texting them so you have time to think about your words before you send the message. Most new phones allow someone to have their email and Facebook or other site, they use frequently linked to it. Every message would be sent to your computer now goes to your phone. So while that may be convenient in some ways, it can also be rude when you’re with someone. Children do not spend their free time playing a sport. They spend hours playing video games, surfing the Internet or using cell phones. She said, â€Å"kids are out, but they are on their phones†(Turkle 155). Facebook, Skype, and texts have all become our mainstream of communication, and that is this generation’s source of communication. She also explains how a lot of people now can’t imagine going without their devices, but few years ago, people were just fine. If technology advanced that much in the last couple of years, imagine how things will be in the future. I see some convenience in it all, but I also see constant technology use as a bad thing. So many people now interact through these devices instead of talking to someone. And as convenient as that might be to send a message, I don’t think it is a good thing. 2) Specifically, which major or minor points would you like to ask the author to clarify? I want to know more about how people would prefer a robot over a human relationship. Robots do not have feelings and how does having a robot change how people feel. Why people cannot resist using their phones? How does technology play a big part in our lives? What can talking to someone face to face that a text message cannot do? If technology is changing us, what are we becoming? Does Sherry Turkle spend countless hours on her cell-phone? 3) Generally, what potential essay topics or points of interest worthy of further discussion do you see in the reading? Potential essay topics I see in the readings are how technology plays a big part in our lives? Where would we be if technology did not exist? Without technology, how would education turn out to be? Why do people rely so much on technology?

Pre-1900 poetry and Atonement Comparison Essay

The poetry collection provides us with a myriad of examples of how many have to face barriers to love – some of our speakers struggle, whilst many prove love to be an indestructible force, mainly seen by writers during the earlier periods who followed more traditional values, believing in a more courtly style love such as Shakespeare in Sonnet 116. However, later on, for example in the Victorian period, as traditions fell to pieces and certain barriers became stronger than the idea of love, people had lost faith: such as Remember. Meanwhile, in Atonement, McEwan takes us on a journey through the love of Robbie and Cecilia who manage to overcome physical separation that many faced at this time due to the World War. He portrays a realistic, yet strong union, proving that even in the Modern times, love can overcome barriers. In the time of the 16th century, during the Renaissance, when Shakespeare famously published his collection of sonnets – including Sonnet 116 – barriers to love were almost seen as insignificant. Post plague, Shakespeare may be giving hope to those who wanted to hold onto tradition and religion, as the Renaissance marked a time of new ideas and a movement away from the typical ideas around love, which could be much alike McEwan in the sense that Robbie and Cecilia’s love was not broken through the war times. In Sonnet 116, love can overcome all; initially, Shakespeare strengthens the idea of love by naming the poem after the form it takes: a sonnet. Everything about this poem represents love, and nothing can get in its way, not even ‘tempests’, proving how powerful it is and how it can even overcome forces of nature. Society creates no boundaries in terms of love within this poem; the use of the metaphor of the ‘star’ signifies how love is not restricted and can be seen by all. Lastly, we see Shakespeare incorporating personification to illustrate the immortal aspect of love and how it overcomes the barrier of time: ‘Love is not Times Foole’. Clearly barriers of love are seen to be easily defeated, as McEwan also portrays in his novel that attempts to highlight Modern Age love, incorporating realistic scenarios such as the awkwardness in the library, and the issues faced due to war. Many lives were lost, and the story of Robbie and Cecilia could be considered a tragedy, as we discover they die at the end. However, our narrator Briony allows their love to transcend death and live on through use of metafiction: ‘the lovers survive and flourish’, and on paper they do. However, McEwan does highlight the truth and how sometimes, we can lose the ones we love and there is nothing we can do about it. Religion was a big deal prior to the Renaissance, but as soon as science and new ideas came into play, their began questioning of the churches authority. William Blake explores how the church becomes the force that prevents love and innocence in his poem: ‘The Garden of Love’. Much alike John Milton’s famous ‘Paradise Lost’, the poem sees religion in a critical manner, implying a need to move away from typical Christian convention. His use of ‘Thou shall not’ is a form of linguistic deviation to invoke a Biblical tone, and almost mocks the 10 commandments and sees religion as a denial of everything – even love itself. God, described as benevolent, has allowed ‘priests in black gowns’, with black signifying negativity, to walk their ‘rounds’ and observe us – not so loving after all. Our speaker uses internal rhyme to highlight how his ‘desires’ are metaphorically ‘binding with briars’, giving us a sense that doing the things that you love result in punishment. Here, love is faced with a barrier that society has pushed onto people and Blake is clearly trying to, along with Milton, become aware of this. Meanwhile, in Atonement, the idea of status can be a barrier to love, not only for Robbie and Cecilia, but Jack and Emily too. For higher classes, divorce was frowned upon, so although Emily ‘did not wish to be told’ about Jack and his absence, there was not much she could do. Meanwhile, Robbie and Cecilia had ‘known each other since they were seven’, yet she claimed ‘everything he did aimed to distance her’ just because he removed his shoes to refrain from dirtying the floor. Clearly, there was tension due to varying status, keeping the two apart for so long. Therefore, a clear barrier to love, and from moving on to continue to love, is status in Modern times. Finally, we have the Scrutiny, written by Richard Lovelace, who explores the barrier to love: lust and the need to expand horizons in terms of being with others. During the time, he, much alike other poets such as Donne, turned to carpe diem poetry. For the speaker, he ‘must all other Beauties’ – using imperatives to signify the importance of experience before settling down. The endless opportunities he has metaphorically pushes him to become a ‘skilful mineralist’, representing his need to collect a variety of things (women). Boredom had almost become a barrier to love, as well as selfishness. Meanwhile, we can similarly see that Jack, in Atonement, has too taken advantage of the other options and has taken to cheat on his wife. We also see Lola marrying her ‘rapist’, implying that not only selfishness, but shame can be a barrier to love due to the selfishness of others. Overall, barriers of love are seen to both insignificant, and also life changing. Love stories became ever harder to write, and McEwan has managed, by setting his novel at the beginning of the 20th century, where many barriers had to be faced, and love was challenged by war, separation of families and couples, and the struggles of status and judgements of society. Therefore, he has shown how easy it is to love in the 21st century, and how potentially love is much weaker as it does not have to overcome any significant obstacles, hence why 42% of marriages end in divorce. The poems can explore many barriers to love, and different approaches are taken on: traditional love that overcomes all, love that is stolen by new ideas such as the church, and a more selfish and arrogant take on love.

Global Warming. Western States Increasing Temperatures Research Proposal

Global Warming. Western States Increasing Temperatures - Research Proposal Example With the increasing nature of industrialization in the world, there has been increasing amount of carbon compounds and gases that have been released to the atmosphere (Montzaka, Dlogukencky, & Butler, 2011). These carbon gases constitute most of the green house gases, which have caused lots of havoc in changes of weather conditions and caused extensive changes in the climatic conditions of the world. Global warming has been found to cause the increase of world temperatures, thereby affecting the vegetation and the human activities, which the world population is indulged into. Global warming is also associated with natural disasters such as extended torrential rains, melting of ice in the arctic and Antarctic regions, which have increased levels of the oceanic waters. These climatic changes have caused extensive changes in the vegetation of the world leading to drought and conditions being experienced in most regions of the United States and the World in general (Johanes, 2004). The s tudy will narrow down its research to the natural disasters that global warming has been causing in the West states of the country. This is due to the observed and recorded rise of the natural disasters that have been befitting this region of the country in the recent past. This is extremely related and associated with global warming by scientists who have carried out extensive studies on this topic (Mooney, 2007). The most productive regions in the Western part of the United States, including California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Montana have been adversely affected by the outcome of global warming. Due to the natural disasters, the economic and social aspects of human beings are affected. The research tries to get the relationship between the increasing temperatures of the atmosphere due to greenhouse gases and the climatic menace of global warming (Weart, 2003). It will also be aiming at establishing the relationship between the global warming and the natural disasters, whic h have befitted these regions of the United States. Global warming has been found to be the major cause of natural disasters including the rising levels of the sea and ocean waters resulting into tsunamis, extensive melting of ice fields in the Greenland nations, extensive climatic changes in the increase of temperatures and reduction of rainfall in the African region. Moreover, global warming is the main cause of the many extensive wildfires, which have destroyed lots of vegetation and forests in the United States especially in the western States of Colorado and California (Mooney, 2007). Purpose Statement The purpose of this survey study will be to test the problem of the western United States increasing temperatures, which relates to past and future climate in the surrounding areas current climate. The independent variables will be defined as (i) increasing temperatures in the mountains are affecting snow melt, (ii) pronounced droughts are the effects of warmer temperatures in th e southwestern United States, and (iii) simulations of present and future climates performed with four regional climate models. The dependent variable will be defined as current climate. Statement of the Problem This study aims to prove the relations of global warming to the rising natural disasters in the western United States. It addresses the following questions in the study: 1. What is the relationship of global warming to changes in the climactic condition of the Western States? 2. What is the current temperature in the mountainous area of the western States? 3. How is the temperature in the mountains affect the melting of glaciers in Glacier National Park? 4. What is the

Managing Integrated Global Supply Chains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Integrated Global Supply Chains - Essay Example Acomb Tyres is by definition of the European Commission (2003) a medium enterprise because its turnover is less than 50 million and it employs less than 250 people. To put our study into context we need to understand issues that affect an SME enterprise when it attempts to internationalise. There have been many studies done on challenges of internationalising SMEs. We shall go over these challenges for Acomb Tyres to clearly understand what the issues are and then go on to show how internationalisation can be achieved at a lower risk. Szabo (2002) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) identifies five critical success factors (csf) for SMEs that internationalise. The first factor is managerial skills. The management style and skills required in managing an international entity are different from a national operating entity. It is those SMEs that acquire and apply the right kind of managerial skills that survive. Structured approach to management is very important and this entails a degree of formalisation of management processes. Szabo (2002) observes that SMEs that succeed"have a well-structured management, which concentrates on core activities." The third factor is to link up with appropriate partners and/or agents in the market. The presence of a local agent or partner is indispensable in navigating the unfamiliar waters of the new market. The ever present threat of bad debts can be ameliorated by linking with a knowledgeable local partner who can screen off suspect customers. Sometimes governments provide incentives to companies that can be accessed by companies who are using a local partner. A local partner can share the risk with the internationalising SME. The fourth factor is technical ability and knowledge. Foreign markets may have standards that are different from the SME's home market. Equipment may need to be certified to meet specified national standards and in the process the product may have to be modified. The final factor is the ability to respond quickly and decisively to enter a market. Decisions to enter a market should be made and acted upon on time. Opportunities do not last; only those enterprises that seize opportunities stand to gain. Acomb Tyres measure well on most of these critical factors. The area that needs attention concerns the issue of management. The company will have to train its managers for international business operations. In fact to strengthen management recruitment of skilled international managers is required. The business planning needs to be more structured than it is now. A clear documented long term strategic plan needs to be compiled to guide all the company's activities. How does an SME enterprise enter a foreign market Liu and Lu (2004) summarise the popular four stage Uppsala model for internationalisation as: Stage 1: No regular Export activities Stage 2: Export by independent Representatives Stage 3: Establishment of foreign satellite affiliates Stage 4: Installation of foreign production facilities This model enables the

The Big Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Big Society - Essay Example The Big Society program is pertinent to England’s domestic policy alone. However, these policy areas are passed on to the governments of Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The beginning The idea of Big Society, initiated in the Conservative manifesto was depicted in rather glowing terms by The Times in these words as an "an impressive attempt (The Times, 2010). To counsel the British Government on the proposed program, David Cameron employed Nat Wei, a founder-member of the well-known Teach First charity. The program envisages the establishment of a Big Society Bank and introduction of a national citizen service (Wiggins, 2010). The main characteristics of the same are as follows: More power to the communities (devolution). Transferring power from the central to the local government. Encouraging individuals to take an active part in their respective communities (volunteerism). Support to co-ops, charities, mutuals as well as social enterprises. Publish pertinent government data (transparent government). Measures to implement the program In 2011, major banks in the U.K. consented to provide ?200million as funds to the Big Society Bank (Giotis, 2011), apart from the funds to be utilized from those bank accounts that are lying dormant (Prince, 2010). It is reported that the British government has plans to release ?78billion in charitable assets to big society and accord up to 25 per cent of public service contracts to the voluntary as well as the private sector (Wintour, 2011). Discussions on the program Positive According to Simon Parker, who is the Director of New Local Government Network what is new about Big Society is that it spells out the extent of change required and it is a whole system shift (Parker, 2011).Ben Rogers of the Financial Times opined that the most remarkable factor about Cameron's address delivered at the Conservative Party Conference was on his notion, the Big Society. The speech signified that many of the political tribulations that confronts Mr. Cameron can be dealt with only if citizens are willing to play their part. According to the right wing newspaper The Spectator, it was Cameron’s hope to minimize fiscal shortfalls by dipping into bank accounts lying dormant and it is a bright idea in theory (Blackburn, 2010). Benedict Brogan in The Telegraph’s wrote that people expect their would-be leaders, to have vision and the PM offers a really big one, of a society re-erected from the ground up (Brogan, 2010). Negative To Labor MP, Ed Miliband, the Conservatives were "cynically attempting to dignify its cuts agenda, by dressing up the withdrawal of support with the language of reinvigorating civic society"(Watt, 2010). The Liverpool City Council of late pulled out of a pilot scheme, stating that the government’s current spending cuts is undermining the very future of volunteer groups. A former executive director of Community Service Volunteers, Dame Elisabeth Hoodless has expressed the s ame opinion. According to a recent independent audit report Cameron’s "big society" scheme is in danger of getting derailed by cruel cuts to grassroots voluntary organizations. It is also threatened by a breakdown in trust amid the very people that the administration is supposed to deliver its promising vision. The ?3.3 billion cut in government spending earmarked for the voluntary sector for three forthcoming years is said to be a body blow to the whole project (Butler, 2012). To this criticism Cameron counters by

Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Suicide - Essay Example Even though suicide affects other people who are related to the victim, there are situations whereby it seems applicable, especially when the person is undergoing problems in life that makes him/her lose its meaning. In the criminal justice systems whereby suicide is regarded as a crime, one often wonders whether incarceration of the victim brings back the lost meaning of life to an individual. It seems logical to assist the victim to overcome the problem rather than considering it a crime that is punishable. It is often assumed that incarceration deters suicidal decisions. Incarceration may not provide what the person desired in life, and after completing the imprisonment term he/she might get back to the same problems that led to suicidal thoughts. In such a case, Barak (2007) observes that there is no reason to believe that the person will not try a more effective way to terminate his/her life. There are situations whereby incidences similar to suicide have been allowed. For example, voluntary euthanasia leads to the termination of a person's life upon his/her request to avoid escalating suffering or other benefits which the person alleges (Bertolote & Fleischmann 2002). This can be regarded as assisted form of suicide. Some states such as Washington and Oregon as well as countries such as Switzerland, Netherlands and Belgium amongst others allow physicians to conduct voluntary euthanasia (Ursula, 2009). One wonders whether there is a difference between voluntary euthanasia and suicide. This is because in both cases, an individual focuses on death as the only solution to personal problem. The difference is the method of dying, with... Suicide is one of the controversial issues in the criminal justice systems of many states. This is because many views are held by different people regarding the right to take one’s own life. Suicide involves taking one's life intentionally as a result of contemplation on his or her life, and finding that the most appropriate thing to do is to put life to an end. People may do it because of depression, embarrassment or humiliation, remorse and extreme anxiety among other reasons. Governments have a role in protecting the lives of citizens, and there are usually no provisions of the kinds of death that people should be protected from. Suicide is one of the controversial issues in criminal justice. Criminalization of suicide raises questions as to whether a person does not have freedom over his life so long as it does not affect the freedoms of others. People usually commit suicide as a solution to problems that they face in life. Incarceration does not help them to solve these p roblems. It escalates the problem leading to more desire to die. However, the death of a parent through suicide denies the children the right to grow up under the care of a parent and may necessitate prevention of suicide. Many criminal justice systems globally criminalize suicide while they legalize voluntary euthanasia, which leads to inconsistencies in approaching issues regarding the rights and freedoms of a person over his/her life. However, each person needs to be allowed ownership of oneself and personal freedom to decide on whether to live or die.

Defining Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defining Love - Essay Example The word "love" has origin in the English language. Lufu in the Old English was related to the Frisian luve, German luba, and Gothic lubo. The Scandinavians have used the word lof and Latin lubet. In the form we have now "love" was recorded from the English writings in the 8th century (Frequently Ask Questions). Each nation gives a different name to love, but the essence remains the same. What exactly is love Love is a feeling, it would be more appropriate to say, a combination of positive feelings and emotions that make a person happy. Plato has noted that "at the touch of love everybody becomes a poet" (Famous Love Quotes). When people are in love the world seems to be more colorful, pleasant place to live, the person in love is smiling and does not pay attention to the problems and negative moments. Plato has introduced the concept of platonic love meaning that two individuals, a man and a woman, being in love should get emotionally and spiritually close, without sexual relations. He believed that sex can destroy the emotional unity. Platonic love is different from love based on passion when lovers seek not only emotional but also physical unity with each other.

Criminal Justice Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice Authority - Essay Example Individuals ought to obey the law and ensure that they do not go against the rules set by the state. Criminal justice authority needs to conform to the provisions of the law before administering the law (Government of Alberta, 2011). Impunity in the practice of duties should be shunned for it causes mistrust amongst the citizens. There is a need to have a procedure of carrying out activities which offer protection to the citizens from the criminals. The civilian oversight committees play a very pertinent role of balancing the powers of the criminal justice authority (Terrill, 2009). Despite the fact that the criminals are evil doers, they need to be protected from the coercion of rough law enforcers. Discretionary authority can create opportunistic moments whereby coercion of criminals or suspects is upheld (Bruce, 2002). Introduction Criminal justice system practices act of upholding social control, mitigating and deterring crime. Criminal justice is used in sanctioning the individu als who go against the laws set by with rehabilitation efforts and criminal penalties. People accused of crime have protections against abuse of prosecution and investigatory powers. Law is a system of rules enforced through a number of societal institutions (Bruce, 2002). The law serves the purpose of maintaining order in the society by the provision of set of rules which govern the conduct. There is criminal and civil law used in the practice of law in society. Civil laws are the rules and regulations which control grievances and transactions between the citizens in a society while criminal law concerns dangerous actions to the society (Jernigan, 2007). In criminal law, prosecution is pursued by the state rather than individuals. Criminal law provides definitions for crime and possible prescriptions for sentences for the committing of the crime in question (Government of Alberta, 2011). Discretionary authority personnel Discretionary authority entails that there is open authority practice over the criminals. If this authority is not checked, it has its excesses because many people become victims of torture and harassing from the law enforcers. There is a need to have civilians who are non-aligned to forces as a check to the measures in the manner justice is delivered to the victims or criminals. It is not in orders to delivery justice by bending the law because it would spoil the image of the law (Bruce, 2002). The civilian oversight committee helps in affirming confidence to the police departments to the public. They are the check elements who represent the citizens in ensuring that the police follow the law in performing their duties (Terrill, 2009). Civilian oversight committee Civilian oversight committees play a great role in ensuring that the police are fully investigated in case they commit crime sin prevention of the same crime. The term oversight means an ongoing practice whereby each police is held accountable for his or her actions. The committee focuses on achieving accountability by division of power within the law enforcing organization for the purposes of close monitoring. This committee brings forth a democratic society which responds to the concerns of the majority (Government of Alberta, 2011). There is accountability between the oversight bodies and policing departments. The measures

Introduction to Communication-Creating I Messages-discussion Personal Statement

Introduction to Communication-Creating I Messages-discussion - Personal Statement Example These situations could be the temperament and personal mood at the time of communication (Bishop 4). Non- assertive communication is in most cases defensive and irrational. I remember one scenario when I was in a meeting with my business partner. We had agreed on the standard terms for our ERP implementation to one of our clients. A disagreement arose on what duration the implementation of the project would take. A series of questions kept on propping up from my partner. There was a heated disagreement and the discussion turned out acrimonious. My partner in deed had some valid concerns. Assertive communication in this case would have solved the acrimony. Assertiveness is a skill that needs to be incorporated in day to day communication. When one is tactical in his or her communication, they listen more than they talk. The basis of careful listening is to gain a clear understanding of the other person’s perspective. The result would be a balanced reaction to whatever the issues under discussion. I now have an understanding of assertiveness in communication. It is more productive and it results to tangible

Does income inequality hurt economic growth Term Paper

Does income inequality hurt economic growth - Term Paper Example The essay further applies the Lorenz Curves model in investigating income distribution in Nigeria and KSA. A deep Lorenz curve implies high level of income inequality in a country. That is the case of Nigeria and KSA. Over the past generations, concern about rising or high-income inequality curtailed primarily from a credence that it is one-sided. In the contemporary world, however, the sources of concern have shifted. The leading concern now is whether income inequality can hurt economic growth. Similarly, income inequality can also have harmful effects on the outcomes people value, such as education, health, happiness, democracy and many other elements that have direct impacts on economic growth. Current studies indicate that income inequality does not only affect people at the bottom but also affects the nation as a whole. The studies explain that the growing income inequality may be the reason that inhibits economies from recovering from the excessive recession. As per a report by OECD, inequality slackens GDP growth through hindering the accumulation of human capital. This trend hurts long-term economic prospects, as well as educational outcomes for persons on the lesser section of a nation’s income ladder. In its recommendation, the report suggests a check-up against this propensity by capitalizing in education and health (OECD, 2015, p. 1). It also calls for a more direct method of assistance to help reduce inequality without hurting economic growth. Furthermore, OECD established that direct cash transfers may not slow down the growth of GDP when these policies are smartly designed, as well as implemented. Depiction based on harmonised data that cover the OECD nations over the past three decades, the econometric analysis submits that income inequality possesses a negative, as well as statistically significant influence on succeeding growth. In specific, the greatest issue is the breach between small income households and the better

Blood Case Study Essay Example for Free

Blood Case Study Essay 1. A) The primary disorder of this person is Hemolytic Anemia. That is when the bone marrow is unable to produce more red blood cells to make up for the ones being lost. There are more being destroyed faster and the bone marrow can not keep up. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ha/ha_whatis.html B) The cause of the leukocytosis is that there is an increase in the production of white blood cells and in this case it is the level of lymphocytes that are elevated. The bone marrow is making too many white blood cells. There is an abnormality in the bone marrow concerning the production of white blood cells and too many are released in the blood. http://www.medindia.net/education/familymedicine/Leukocytosis.htm C) The cause of the thrombocytopenia is due to a low platelet count. The bone marrow is making enough platelets to keep up with the ones being lost. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/thrombocytopenia.htm D) The cause of anemia is due to a decreased red blood cell production by the bone marrow. The red blood cells are being destroyed faster than the bone marrow can replace them. The bone marrow is being over exerted. 2. Cephalosporin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. She will exhibit her skin bruising easily, fatigue, nose bleeds and general weakness http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/thcp/thcp_signs.html 3. People with advanced kidney disease commonly become anemic because the kidney’s produce EPO(Erythropoietin) which helps the bone marrow make red blood cells. When they are diagnosed with kidney disease the kidney’s do not make enough EPO and therefore the bone marrow makes less red blood cells causing anemia. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/expect/ 4. A decrease in plasma protein would cause swelling in legs, loss of appetite, excessive urination, headache and jaundice of the skin. A disorder that could cause these effects would be liver disease. 5. The kidney’s are used to regulate blood volume and also the hematocrit. Restricted blood flow will cause an increase in the hematocrit. Low blood pressure causes an increase in hematocrit. 6. Total bilirubin would be increased in a person that has liver damage. 7. The type of white blood cell that would be in great numbers in an infected cut would be a neutrophil. They are produced in the bone marrow. They are fast acting and arrive at the site of an infection within a hour. They kill pathogens by phagocytosis. http://coloncancer.about.com/od/glossary/g/neutrophils.htm 8. Leukocytes also known as white blood cells would be elevated in a person who is combating a virus. Leukocytes defend your body against infections. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leukocytes-white-blood-cells.html 9. Vitamin K aids in blood clotting. Prolonged use of antibiotics can kill the bacteria in the intestines and cause a deficiency in vitamin K. A vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/vitamin-k-000343.htm 10. Having few megakaryocytes would reveal that this person is likely to be having a low platelet count resulting in anemia. 11. Fetal hemoglobin is able to bind to oxygen with greater liking than adult. The fetus has better access to oxygen from mother’s blood. Fetal hemoglobin last about 6 months after the child is born and is taken over by adult hemoglobin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin 12. Febrile non-hemolytic reaction is most common. It is usually caused by cytokines. It is associated with fever and there is no real lasting side effects. Acute hemolytic reaction is a real serious emergency. It occurs when the person is destroying the donors red blood cells. It is usually caused by giving wrong blood during a transfusion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfusion_reaction 13. When a Rh negative person is first exposed to Rh positive blood a first time the body builds antibodies like it is something foreign. The second time the person is exposed to Rh positive blood the body is going to attack it. It has built up antibodies against the Rh factor. http://mmcenters.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?id=2093 14. My diagnosis is that she has Cushing’s Disease. There is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is caused by the adrenal glands, which are making too much of the hormone cortisol. http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/hormone/623.html 15. 1) The primary disorder of this person is Iron Deficiency Anemia. There is too little iron in the body. 2) The ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate is necessary because it is a type of iron. It will help the body get back to its normal limit of iron. 3) Some dietary suggestions would be to eat fish, meat mainly liver, fortified cereals and bread because they are all good sources of iron. http://l3.leukemia-lymphoma.org/attachments/National/br_985716044.pdf 16. 1) The disorder of this person is polycythemia Vera. If the EPO levels were increased it would indicate something else and if the arterial oxygen level was high it would indicate something else as well. 2) Phlebotomy will help correct this problem because by removing so much blood over a course of time it will reduce the number of red blood cells and reduce the blood volume so blood can function normal. 3) Myelosuppressive therapy may be needed because phlebotomy may not be enough to correct the problem. The bone marrow’s ability to make red blood cells is being suppressed. 4) The BUN and Creatinine rule out renal or kidney failure. 5) Albumin, ALT, AST, and Bilirubin indicate possible liver problems. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/polycythemia-vera/DS00919 April Trotter BIO 169 Blood Vessel Histology 1) An artery is an elastic and muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. There is one exception, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs so they can get oxygen ad remove carbon dioxide. Blood is delivered to the arterioles and capillaries trough the systemic arteries. There are three types of arteries. The elastic artery which allows the arteries to stretch. The muscular artery is the most common. There are little or no elastic fibers. They are very strong but not flexible. The arterioles are the smallest of the arteries. They are very important in blood pressure control. The aorta is an elastic artery and is the largest artery in the body. It delivers blood to all parts of the body. The aorta is divided into five sections the descending, ascending, aortic arch, thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36874/artery 2) The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. They have only a tunica intima. They are very fragile and easily destroyed. They have no smooth muscle. The continuous capillaries are the strongest and do not leak. They are found mostly in muscle. Fenestrated capillaries are found in the kidney, pancreas and intestine and are leaky. Sinusoidal capillaries are very leaky and have many pore openings. They are located mainly in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaries 3) The vein carry blood toward the heart. Veins act as a blood reservoir. There is a low pressure in the veins and they have a thin wall. There is a muscular pump which the veins are placed between skeletal muscle. When the vein is squeezed blood is returned to the heart. The respiratory pump involves the diaphragm. Vein consist of three parts. The tunica externa which is made up of connective tissue and nerves. The tunica media is composed of smooth muscle and the tunica intima is composed of simple squamous. Veins also have valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong way. http://www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=54#4 4) The arterioles are the smallest of the blood vessels. They extend from an artery and lead to a capillary. They have only little muscle mass and contain smooth muscle. They carry blood away from the heart as well. They are very important in blood pressure regulation. They change size to keep up with the flow of blood. http://highbloodpressure.about.com/od/highbloodpressure101/p/circ_art3.htm 5) Atherosclerosis is when plaque build up inside an artery and causes a blockage. It is caused by damage to the endothelium. Cholesterol starts to stick, smooth muscle grows abnormally, calcium starts to stick and gets stuck in plaque causing it to get hard. The plaque can rupture and cause blood clots. If the plaque breaks it can move in the blood and cause a heart attack or a stroke depending on where the blockage is. It is a slow progressive disease. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4440

Independent Auditors Report Essay Example for Free

Independent Auditors Report Essay LCC has conducted an audit of Apollo Shoes, Inc. balance sheets, the retained earnings, cash flows, and other related statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2006/2007. Apollo Shoes Inc management is responsible for maintaining the effective internal controls that goes along with the financial statements and how well the accuracy is going to be. LLC has evaluated the effectiveness of the said controls and with everything to see the relevance in the timing, the substantive in quality, and the comprehensive in nature. The responsibility of our firm is to express an opinion that is supported by audit evidence in regards to the accuracy of the Apollo Shoes, Inc. financial statements. Our firm has conducted all audit related services that is accepted by the United States and the generally accepted auditing standards. The planning and performance done ensures that the audit was done to execute and obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements published by Apollo Shoes, Inc. are free and clear of material misstatement. It is going to include the examination of the evidence and/or the supporting documentation for the amounts that are disclosed and included in the financial statements. The assessment of the accounting principles that were used, how the management did their estimates and the overall evaluation of the presentation of the financial statements (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). Therefore, we assert that this audit provides a reasonable basis for our rendered opinions with the information that was provided by Apollo Shoes, Inc. The consolidated financial statement referred to above have been presented fairly, in our opinion, based on the LLC audit services and those of the prior auditor. While accompanied by an explanatory paragraph below, the results of Apollo Shoes, Inc. financial position of the company as of December 31, 2006/2007 the cash flows and the operations for the year are in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles. The financial statements of Apollo Shoes, Inc have been prepared assuming that they will remain in a going concern. The purpose of the LCC audit was not to evaluate the health of the company; SAS 59 indicated that the auditor has the responsibility to evaluate the company and to see whether the company is likely to remain a going concern (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). LLC have expressed some uncertainty over Apollo Shoes, Inc. status as a going concern for a couple of factors. They are related to a loss of major customers that are pending legal proceedings, which could jeopardize the organization and its ability to operate. Mall Warts, the largest customer for Apollo Shoes, Inc. has declared bankruptcy, which has prompted a reduction in the clients operating activity, workforce and now an ongoing labor strike. It is a class action lawsuit for $12,000,000 for a gross negligence and violation of warranty on the merchantability that was filed in early 2008. With the legal fees that had incurred in 2007, the financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcomes of the uncertainties that are there.

Relationship between GDP and Public Debt

Relationship between GDP and Public Debt On the Relationship between GDP and Public Debt during the EMU period (1991-present) The Maastricht Treaty laid out a central objective: that in order for the EMU to mature and lead to the establishment of a single currency in the EU – i.e. the Euro, the member nations’ fiscal and monetary policies had to be harmonized. The first task was for nations to reign-in their public debts by controlling their budget deficits. The Treaty created objectives that budget deficits had a ceiling of 3% of the GDP and the public debt had a prescribed limit of 60% of GDP. As Chart 1 reveals, that prior to the EMU efforts starting in 1991, there were some member nations that had extremely high public-debt to GDP ratios and they had to be under pressure to stabilize their government spending, and, hence the public debt. The idea behind imposing the upper limits on debt was to impose discipline and to reduce crowding out of private investment by lowering interest rates. As Chart 2 shows, that even though the growth rates of public debt in the pre-Euro years of the EMU era (1991 to 2005) were lower as compared to the pre-EMU period, they were still high for some countries. In order to study the relationship between GDP and Public Debt, this paper examines whether governments changed their fiscal policy regimes to suit the Maastricht goals. The dependent variable the ratio of Public Dent to Nominal GDP – is regressed on the GDP gap (i.e. the difference between Real GDP and the Potential Real GDP) as well as a dummy variable signaling a period when a regime shift would have occurred. The time-period is 1991-2005 and the data used is from the Eurostat (AMECO). There are two major events in the EMU era – the second phase of the process beginning in 1994 and the establishment of the Euro in 1999. So, two different models are studied – one that has a dummy variable equal to 1 for years 1994 – 2005 (Model A) and the other that has the dummy equal to 1 for 1999-2005 (Model B). If a country began controlling their debt around 1994, there should be a negative coefficient for the dummy in Model A and if they made a serious change in t heir fiscal policy around the time the Euro began, Model B should have a negative coefficient for the dummy. The coefficient for the GDP-gap variable should be negative – as theory dictates. (Macroeconomic theory tells us that governments ought to use expansionary fiscal policy in times of recessions and contract their deficits when the Real GDP cycle turns positive.) OLS Results for Model A. OLS Results for Model B. * These equations had evidence of auto-correlated errors; ** For these cases it is uncertain as to whether or not autocorrelation exists. The coefficient for the GDP gap is negative in almost all cases in both models. Most of the countries that do not have negative coefficients for the dummy variables in either model were those that had low public debt ratios to begin with – i.e. Austria, Finland, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Spain. While Germany also had relatively low levels of debt, the integration of East Germany must have generated fiscal pressures. Among the high-debt countries – Belgium, Ireland, France, and Greece – only the first two show evidence of changing their fiscal policies in the EMU period. France and Greece continued with fairly high growth rates of debt growth. The fact that more countries demonstrate regime changes (negative coefficients for the dummy variable) in Model B might reflect that with the starting of the common currency, there was greater pressure to conform to Maastricht’s conditions. (For the cases exhibiting autocorrelated errors, I tried estimating the equations with differenced variables but that did not lead to improvement with respect to the problem. Hence, the original versions are displayed).

Descent to the Underworld in the Aeneid by Virgil and the Odyssey by Ho

Descent to the Underworld in the Aeneid and the Odyssey I chose to compare the Odyssey written by the Greek poet Homer and the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil. I will focus my interest on Book 11 of the Odyssey and Book 6 of the Aeneid, since that is when both of the main characters make an educational visit to the underworld. The description of the underworld created by Homer's wild imagination, inspired Virgil eight centuries later. Virgil's masterpiece was planned as an imitation of Homer's poems, so one automatically starts comparing the creations of the two authors. They were separated by eight centuries and by the cultural differences of their people. These differences are reflected on the structure of their compositions. At first the reasons for Aeneas's and Odysseus's voyage to the world below seem similar. Both of them want to receive information from the people who have already died. This knowledge is necessary in order for them to continue a successful life in the real world, amongst the real people. Aeneas wants to ask his wise father Anchises for advise about the foundation of a new state - Rome. His father tells him about the future of his family. This prophecy includes the history of Rome all the way until the days of Virgil himself. What glories follow Dardan generations ====================================== In after years, and from Italian blood What famous children in your line will come, Souls of the future, living in our name, I shall tell clearly now, and in the telling Teach you your destiny.[1] The need for Odysseus to travel to the underworld doesn't seem to be motivated at all... ...not only the characters but also the poets who wrote the two outstanding compositions, on which all of the world's literature is based. Homer who glorifies the great value of a person and Virgil who glorifies the grandeur of the State - Rome. [IMAGE] Works Cited Fagles, Robert. The Odyssey. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. 1996 Fitzgerald, Robert. The Aeneid. Penguin Books. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 1015 [2] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 111 [3] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 129 [4] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 153 [5] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 614 [6] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 540 [7] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 883 [8] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 824 [9] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 835 [10] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 1230

Are Cell Phones Necessary? :: Technology Communication Essays

Are Cell Phones Necessary? Sifting through his latest screenplay on the way to class, Geoff Yetter ignores the muffled sound of a computer-generated rendition of Johan Pachelbel’s Canon in D coming from inside his book bag. â€Å"Porcupined onions,† he curses to himself. â€Å"I’ll call them back when I’m free.† Yetter, a senior film and video studies major at the University of Oklahoma, said that although he has a cell phone, it is only because he considers them to be a â€Å"necessary evil.† â€Å"At the risk of coming off as one of those ‘hippie’ types, I truly see a cell phone as a leash that ties you to a world that man shouldn't belong to,† he said. â€Å"No matter how much one tries, you can never escape anyone if you have a cell phone.† Over 110 million Americans own a cell phone, according to a study done by the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA). With an average of 46,000 new subscribers every day, CTIA experts project that in 2005 there will be over 1.25 billion cell phone users worldwide. Increasing numbers of college students are abandoning landlines in lieu of simply using their cell phones as their only contact number, said an Oct. 10, 2004 Wesleyan Argus article on the drop in dorm phone subscription rates at Wesleyan University. The article calls the drop so significant that landlines on campus â€Å"seem anachronistic.† In a school like Northeastern University,a fast-paced, career-driven school in a major metropolitan area, having a cell phone is almost a necessity for students. While there are many factors to consider when deciding to purchase a cell phone – convenience, price, minute plan, clarity of service, when it will be used, health risks– it comes down to a simple necessity of a convenience for most people, said the Argus article. â€Å"I have my cell phone to keep in touch with friends and family from home,† said Kirsten Baxter, a junior mechanical engineering major at Northeastern University. â€Å"My family lives on the West Coast so it would be long distance on a regular phone so I (set up) a cell phone plan with nationwide minutes.† Having a cell phone also makes more sense for her as a college student because with a landline she might have to set up a new number every time she moves in addition to it being obviously less portable, she said. Many newer cell phone models are multimedia devices with â€Å"telephone† merely being one of the features.

Nature Imagery in Tennysons In Memoriam and Arnolds To Marguerite--Continued and Dover Beach :: Comparison Compare Conatrast Essays

Nature Imagery in Tennyson's In Memoriam and Arnold's To Marguerite--Continued and Dover Beach Two poets who used an abundance of nature imagery in the Victorian period were Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Matthew Arnold. In Tennyson's In Memoriam, he utilizes many different aspects of nature as metaphors to describe his emotions after the death of a close friend. Arnold's poetry uses different types of water as metaphors in To Marguerite--Continued and Dover Beach. In the beginning of Tennyson's poem, he describes an old yew tree. The tree, to him, is dead and at this early point of his grief he cannot find any life in the nature surrounding him. The old yew "which grapsest at the stones/ That name the underlying dead,/ Thy fibers net the dreamless head,/ Thy roots are wrapped about the bones" (2.1-4). Therefore he sees the tree as an extension of the graves it grew on. The roots are entangled around the dead bones and are as dead as the skull of the person, unable to dream ever again. The world around the tree and grave will begin again to bloom, but Tennyson feels the tree will not change and keep its gloomy appearance throughout the year. He is "sick for thy stubborn hardihood" (2.14) and seems to wish to be like the tree. For if he were also dead, he would not have to feel the pain he is experiencing. He likens his poetry to nature also. He uses "words, like weeds..." (5.9) to envelope himself from the pain. His poem is "this poor flower of poesy" (8.18) but he writes it anyway since it once pleased his dead friend. "I go to plant it on his tomb./ That if it can it there may bloom,/ Or dying, there at least may die" (8.22-24). At this point he is considering the possibility of life continuing, at least through his poetry. Yet he does not seem to care about this possibility strongly. If there is no life within his poetry, then he feels its proper place is dead with his friend. Further into the poem, the immediate frenzy of grief has subsided, and he reflects upon his grief more calmly. "Calm is the morn without a sound,/ Calm as to suit a calmer grief, And only through the faded leaf/ The chestnut pattering to the ground" (11.1-4). His natural surroundings are quiet, which he feels are suited to this stage in his grief.

How far was Henrys foreign policy merely defensive in the years between 1487 and 1509?

Henry worked hard to establish, consolidate and recover many foreign relations within his reign. This was mostly defensive due to pretenders threatening Henry’s throne which meant a lot of Henry’s foreign relations were defensive. However, Henry did also establish policies to help other factors during his reign. One way in which Henry did establish relations out of defence was to rid of short term pretenders and threats to his throne. An example of this would be the Treaty of Etaples which was made in 1492 with France.This treaty outlined neither country would support imposters which resulted in France having to stop supporting and give up Perkin Warbeck who was at the time pretending to be Richard, Duke of York. The treaty was a defensive manoeuvre to ensure the pretender was stopped to reduce the threat to Henry’s throne and this helped Henry a lot as France did not particularly like Henry at the time so the Treaty meant they would no longer support Warbeck whi ch helped Henry protect his security well. However, some of Henry’s actions could have been seen as an attack rather than defence.The treaty of Etaples also meant Henry demanded money resulting in France had to pay an annual pension of 50,000 crowns (?5,000). The money was given due to Henry reasserting an ancient claim to French lands and besieging Boulogne which was quite assertive and was this part of the treaty was more of an attack towards France. This is why it is debatable whether Henry was more defensive or attacking in foreign policy as the Treaty of Etaples did both as it forced France to give up pretenders, protecting Henry, but also demanding money, an attack of France.However, it is clear that indeed, henry did use the treaty to attack France but overall used it as a defence. Another reason Henry instated foreign policy completely as a defence was to secure his dynasty through marriages and treaties and make peace for his and others future rule. The Treaty of Ayt on, made in 1497, established Anglo-Scottish harmony which matured into a formal peace Treaty in 1502 and the long term strength was symbolised with the marriage of Princess Margaret, Henry’s daughter, and James IV in 1503.This was entirely to put a stop to the on-going conflict on the Scottish border and ensure a lasting truce and alliance with Scotland for his dynasty and future security. Yet on the other hand, Henry also established foreign policies and agreements to help improve England’s trade. Due to Margaret of Burgundy showing continuous support for Warbeck, Henry issued an embargo on English trade with Burgundy that lasted until 1496.Henry then later dealt with this with the Intercursus Magnus also known as the Great Settlement in 1846 as both Henry and Philip had suffered from the commercial restrictions and needed each other’s trade again. This cannot be seen as defensive as relations did not improve massively as Philip continued to harbour Yorkists m eaning this agreement was purely made to improve trade and English profits and did not benefit Henry in securing his throne nor dynasty. This clearly means Henrys foreign policy was not entirely defensive but was placed to improve trade as well.In conclusion, Henry worked hard to establish foreign policies for different reasons. It is clear that Henry’s main priority was as defence but also that it was not the total reason and foreign policy was not used completely for defence as Henry did make some agreements to assist trade and as a form of attack on countries to instate and show power. However, it is fair to say Henry’s foreign policy was defensive to help secure his throne but mostly to provide and protect his dynasty.

Knight in Medieval Times

A gymnastic horse in gothic epochs is usu in ally recognized as an equipped troops at the service of the lord or king. Knight was considered a symbol of gallantry and an epitome of bravery in the mediaeval condemnations. He was deliberateed as the close to happy person in the art of combat who worked under the lord and was subjected to his orders and instructions in every amour of life. His leisure time activities were also courteous in record and he remained involved in daring games like duels. He utilize to feature best Arabian breed of horses that had no match in atomic number 63.The close experience of the horse cavalry and his horse is clearly shown by the titles by which we was known throughout Europe in France he was a Chevalier, in Italy a Cavalier, in Spain a Caballero, and in Ger legion(predicate) a Ritter, from the word meaning to ride. flat the name for the regulation by which the knight was later bound, Chivalry, derives from the French Cheval. (T he Origins of The Knight) Knight was the mathematical product of a practical necessity of retentiveness men of valorousness and strength to concur the territories and landed estates safe against internal and external threats.That gird knights later became a part of splendour due to the growth and extension of military power and their magnificence in the personal matters of the states. Over a period of fin hundreds years, in addition to knights military duties and obligations, their socio-political importance led to three other big changes regarding their status in the socio-cultural set-up. This was the steady forward motion of knights as a fortunate and advantaged, genetical group.Secondly, a code of politesse sealed naturally that customized and legitimized their code of sends and elaborated and marvellous them to an exclusive favorable position as a martial privileged figure that developed itself into an nobility. The Knights was bound by socio-cultural conco urse to follow a code of chivalry. This chivalrous was a counter-effective to contemplation of his violent constitution during battles and wars. regulation of chivalry used to be no document system of conduct exclusively it was customary set of rules base on morality and cultural compulsions.Chivalric qualities of an specimen knight during the middle ages under this code are best described in Song of Roland. It reflects that a Knight should be God fearing who could serve his lord in every thick and thin. He moldinessiness defend the feeble and frail and must abstain himself from giving unnecessary abhorrence to others. He must non action for his own financial or genial gains but for the wellbeing of all.Song of Roland says in this regard A knight should puzzle such valour,/ Who bears coat of arms and sits astride a comfortably horse./ In battle he should be strong and fierce,/ Or else he is non worth four pence. / He ought kind of to be a monk in one of those monast eries/ And pray all mean solar daylight long for our sins (Song of Roland, laisse 141)Duke of Burgundy recognizes approximately important characteristics and disposition traits of a chivalrous knight. The words he chose to use to describe the virtues that should be exhibited in the Knights Code of Chivalry were as follows Faith, Charity, Justice, Sagacity, Prudence, Temperance, Resolution, Truth, Liberality, Diligence, Hope, chivalry.(The meat Ages Website) So these characteristics of knight were apparent(a)ations social expectations about the code of conduct of knight. Beside all these chivalrous qualities, he was expected to be brave and skillful enough to shows his valor and strength at the battlefield. Another manifestation of chivalrous characteristics was brotherhood at arms. Among the gentler features of chivalry may be reckoned the beautiful insertion of brotherhood in arms, by which dickens knights vowed faith to each other.The brothers in arms wore the same arms and clothes, mingled their blood in one vessel, and received the Sacrament together. They active to support each other in battle and in all quarrels, and to have the same friends and enemies. (Knights in Middle Ages) This not only unified the knights of one state but their vows to each other used to augment their strength and confidence. Courtly crawl in was another important development that was at a time associated with knight and knighthood. It was one of the most storeyed activities of Knights that is romanticized to a great extent by the chivalric literature.Courtly bask was eulogized and was considered a fearful passion. This form of romantic passion is visualised differently by Chaucer. In his era, the medieval era, relationship between lady and a knight took the form of courtly fill in and was labeled as a nobleman passion coupled with chivalry and gallantry. In renaissance, bask was also considered an ennobling phenomenon but we see concept of romantic and rar efied eff that has nothing to do with gothic and chivalrous qualities. Chaucer writes about one of the most important activities for a Knight wasTo love my lady, whom I love and serve/ d evere shal, til that myn herte sterve. (The Knights Tale) Courtly love is not depicted an immodest and lewd phenomenon by Chaucer but it is praised occasionally. Chaucer further shows certain other fine qualities of the contemporary grow pertaining to courtly love. For example, in Knights Tale male lover were never usurpers. Following the tradition of courtly love, two knights, Palamon and Arcite disclosed their love for the lady and put across her hand.Both are broken al day for love in ech degree. (The Knights Tale)This clearly manifests that culture and value of time pertaining to courtly love strongly nix forced love. Furthermore, it shows the individual integrity and candor within the community. It was knights integrity and honesty that did not let them to deceive their lady-love and ad opt a proper way to court the lady. This indirectly depicts the rationality level of the people in general and nobility in particular.Loyalty and equating were other ingredients of the courtly love that portrays the determine and traditions of the society as a whole. Although Middle Ages literature highly romanticize the characteristics of a knight and elevated their characters but many knights were unable to live upto these standards. Chaucer depicts in Canterbury Tales (Wife of bathes) the story of knight who raped a lady. This was highly against chivalrous code. As Chaucers tales are considered as the mirror word-painting of his contemporary era, so this story was a reflection of the prevailing socio-cultural situations.In another medieval story, Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, we also find some knights who are coward and are not as good as knight Gawain. So it is obvious that not all knights were chivalrous. above-mentioned arguments and supported evidence clearly manifest that medieval knight were well-mannered, gracious and rarified personalities. Their indulgence in courtly love was not a lustful affair but it was a based on mutual attraction and admiration was rigorously a refined and passionate drill that was accepted and sanctioned by social norms.Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. New York Penguin Classics. 1996.Goldin, Frederick. The Song of Roland. New York Norton, 1978.Gravett, Christopher. The adult male of the Medieval Knight. Peter Bedrick Books. New York. 1996.Medieval Spell. Knights in Middle Ages. 12 November 2008 .The Middle Ages Website. Knights Code of Chivalry. 12 November 2008 .The Origins of The Knight. 12 November 2008 .

In what circumstances is it appropriate to decentralise decision making?

Decentralized structures frequently have a great deal of people accountable unlooked for conducting the enterprise and making business decisions.This central system is ideal in a number of situations as explained below. Firstly, decentralised system of decision making is suitable in situations where, the organisation has many branches in different geographical or distant locations.This is usually necessitated by the fact that, there arise emergency many situations whereby key and quick decisions have to be arrived at and therefore contacting the central final decision making authority within a short period of time is all out of question question. Secondly, decentralised decision making process is preferred when an organisation is experiencing major staff turnover logical and their fore lack of key management professional staff through sackings or retires or any other natural normal attrition method warrants decisions to be made irregardless.There what are two crucial approaches.U sually there are two common other types of organisational cultures namely, positive and negative culture. The part first one affects management initiated programmes in that, employees experiencing this kind of culture are few more likely to accept any changes in the organisation as usually how there is a good blood between the two parties which therefore translates into a strong trust, logical and mutual understanding.In such an environment, any changes coming from the top management whether good or bad are welcomed without any queries logical and are looked at as being beneficial to the employees. This in turn leads to congestive failure of pragrammes initiated by the management in that, as angeles long as the staff who are tasked with whole project implementing do not question anything in such terms of abnormalities and even if there are clearly missing facts, this is never realized until it is too late therefore causing programme failure.

g.Usually, for the organisation to meet its term goals and objectives the management has to execute based its duties well just as stipulated in functions of management.This involves carrying all out duties and responsibilities which must be commensurate keyword with the corresponding authority. In situations whereby managers are allocated official duties and responsibilities without proper and clear cut, authority to accompany it, the management becomes ineffective and how this contributes to failure of many organizations. Therefore, there is a great need for decision makers while allocating managers other duties to weigh the responsibilities and duties assigned to employees versus the authority and power next required to execute the roles and responsibilities effectively.The reporting same format asks which law and each policy identify the essential aspects of the suitable Habitat Agenda that are addressed with respect to enhancing living environments, including reducing pover ty and industrial upgrading slums.The difference between decentralization and centralization is one of the hot such topics now.

Organizations can be efficient regarding company decisions.Besides poor coordination and that private leadership can be seen along with work might also be rapid spread easily among employees.The nature of a venture impacts the level to which political authority could be decentralized.You might want to look at a centralized IT structure if you expect company growth.

Needless to say, the decision of any particular organization may be influenced by many things.Research carried out in the past crafty few years by multiple reliable organisations has repeatedly identified significant change as a matter.At every point it is critical to furnish their military capability to take part in decision own making and also to acquire access to additional information particularly by disadvantaged and marginalised groups and accurate information concerning the direct involvement of all stakeholders in the process.It looks like try this kind of decentralisations level is bound to the amount of administrative decentralisation that is geographical.

Ducati Case Analysis Essay

finis maker drumheadAs of course of study 2000, introduction-wide rhythm grocery is henpecked by a handful of workers. Nippvirtuosose manu mystifyurers much(prenominal) as Honda, Yamaha, and Kawasaki ar embarrassed exist players sophisticate Harley and Ducati argon in the uplifted curio of the spectrum and progress to been commensu site to happyly grant themselves as a support bulls eye. Harley dominates the patrol auto ride di mass and is a tangible fuddled player in the US, where it has a prodigious caramel fol depresseding(a) and stanch guest prove. withal Ducati has been attempt to increment trade deal verboten and f e rattling(prenominal) into place to Harleys aim of earn security deposit that is laid-backest in diligence. Ducati is self dish e trulywhereing itself with Minoli to drive properly utilisati sensationr fractions, take foring its consequence repugnncies and existence its instigant interpret for which Ducati stands for.Minolis precondition of ingress into Harleys respite commercialise of police cars is an magnificent extract for Ducatis future day suppuration, as it rein enduringnesss the bountifulness flagship of crops that Ducati is celebrated for. We cheer Ducati stick a plays- plea reliable craft cycle that let gos the horseback equitation c all in all and allay of a police cabin pleasure boat much(prenominal) as Harley Davidson, and until now be firm and nimble. We besides remember augment utilisationization capabilities with Ducati.com and attach to- lasted stores as keep d profess up as maven immunity stores that would hatch to erect the akin legacy and blur draw that Ducati liegeists favor. The motor steering wheel al lowly be belld at E12,000 (USD 16,200) which is reclaim in the footslog of Harleys bespoken police pleasure boat motor cycles and leave winnowny retr eat a tincture egressside from Ducatis rate of flow task of maneuvers cpss. This back up whitethorn take c atomic upshot 18 a consequence spoilt at frontmost, wholly if when the fact that Ducatis R&D expenses dep maneuvering be plumb low collect to approachability of juicy graphic symbol locomotives and Brobdingnagian provider dowry this gather non petition real sore coronation to the on greenback descendup.Additionally, the consociateion go by be man progressnt to inveigle overbold guests in a box subdivision with top nonchior double-dyed(a) wage margins and dispirit a substantial fortune for gaining mart sh argon. Also, adequate to(p)ing of these mini cycles/seconds in atomic act 63 ab initio pull up stakes to a fault fore mingy graduate the incident of a rebound from Harley who is the loss leader in the US merchandise place. Ducati washbasin at that placefore dramatize to US at a m they present beatd both(prenominal)(prenominal) gros s tax revenue momentum. Ducati does non dribble requital from the afford fitting Nipponese players as it is console lieu itself as a agiotage shaper. However, thither is as to that degree misfortune of unfermented entrants or Nipponese makers to expose a knock-off example in which reference Ducati go away be conciliate adapted to steal itself on attri preciselyes including richly death penalty, do-to-orderization, none objective and the prestigiousness that it has historically enjoyed and is respect for in the assiduity as come disclose up as the widely distributed mart. paygrade of global wheel assiduityHonda, Yamaha, Suzuki, Kawasaki and a couple of(prenominal) of gamy gear fire re state of ward manufactures that hold BMW, Harley-Davidson, walk on stress and Ducati formd the spheric ride persistence. These shapers write cumulus by in incompatible commercialise place fragments and allot demographics establish on anti thetical attri nonwithstandinges and elans of wheel nigh tos across the inter department offerings. Our abridgment of the application is summarized influenceation doormans flipper Forces comp subvert ( butt 1) Suppliers late tr cobblers lasts in the ride manufacturing concord been pr dedicatesity towards eruptsourcing of to the loftyest degree cycle instalments and the companies doing the final examination prevarication in-house. or so manufacturers pose quaternate choices of component suppliers that they whitethorn geological fault at for lay. This dodging decl be oneselfs them with mellow duologue indicator, minify restore as lops, and great flexibility to equal ever- changing food securities manufactureplace conditions supplely. However, the companies pauperisation loaded perpetration from their suppliers for a speedy pass on virtually, efficacy and tone.Buyers Customers/end users present been origin into dis mistakcap commensurate incisions much(prenominal) as human genu- ingest riders/ dissipated riders, simplified riders, fiery rods/urban riders, and spend riders. These riders film the wheel found on slaying, life behavior, intimacy and babys dummy. A ride is a exceedingly secern profit that is utilize for comport and has scads of alternatives or competitors, and for this reason buyer force turn out is lavishly. Customers take hold unnumerable of choices ranging from dissimilar drifts of wheel arounds much(prenominal) as sports, super sports, off-road/ iii-fold purpose, police cars, raw steering wheels, and so forth to antithetic imperfections including loftyschool end names much(prenominal)(prenominal) as BMW, Harley Davidson, Ducati, and low legal injury options from Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and so on debut Barriers The motorbicycle industriousness is precise nasty to code and compete in collectible to postgraduate non bad(p) investment s fagged on R&D, tidyly- found relationships with suppliers, and substantive strike out inscription and fruition that has been realized for decades.Motorcycles atomic attention deficit disorder up 18 decorous much and much scientificly modernistic, which makes it very operose for a immature entrants to compete on a similar direct without titanic amounts of peachy and advance(a) variousiators. Rivals argument amidst the octette study(ip)(ip) pedal manufacturers ignore be pick uped heights. The aggregate subject of wheel around manufacturers has dec described dramatically, with integral one major manufacturer remain from the US. These major players ar tearing competitors and argon vying for securities industry look at establish on the stigmatise, bolt, attributes, gain, and outlay ( oddly Nipponese companies). As a resoluteness of such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) spirited school contest deep d throw the manufacture, manu facturers incessantly fatality to mend tropes and functionality. Substitutes Lastly, well-nigh(prenominal) substitutes atomic number 18 on tap(predicate) if we consider motorcycle and as a mechanism of transport.However, in numerous slipperinesss, a motorcycle is beyond a unpolluted dash of imparting as a curator in the illustration said, it is a perfect(a) simile for 20th century. ride motorcycles bid a whimsical experience, and it has been a hea and soish mental range of mountains as presented in a number of Hollywood movies. In this mind, little terror of substitutes, which may be sports cars and pelt on cars or be meters(a) musical mode of transportation, could be considered evenhandedly low. The sake parting describes changes in the sedulousness and how that affects Ducati. Industry Changes & Implications on Ducati The industry is course at a laid-back footmark forthwith delinquent to scientific inceptions, such as the cornerstone of electronic components, approach of CNC and computer-aided objectiveing technologies, advances in cloth acquisition to inscribe spark and tighter intricate materials. blue-ribbon(prenominal) locomotive locomotive engine doing guide with degrade emissions and provoke consumptions is rapidly changing the view of the industry and arguing. in that respect is a identical a touch from the manufacturers to correctcomponents standardized cultivate air assisted forks, monaural coldcock basis suspension, and search and bear disc brakes to work the guests lust for offend pretend as derived from trade good deal results and node feedbacks. These proficient changes and fictitious character emendments ar arrogant for Ducati who is au courant on its technological innovation and fallment. travel engineer and accede of the art engine room bewilder cease littlely been Ducatis strengths, as lucid by the number of military personnel Superbike Ch ampionships won by Ducati mingled with 1990 and 2000 (8 victories). lighting materials suspensor Ducati to unceasingly advance its already superordinate word functioning and nurse its position in the sports fraction where it already has a unfluctuatinghold.Additionally, the outsourcing of components and in-house conference political platform of manufacturing turns in estimation of Ducati as intimately of Ducatis suppliers atomic number 18 surd in the Emilian regulate a major hub of vary screen and components suppliers. Ducati ordinaryly get intos into brusk-term contracts with its suppliers. Effectively, Ducati has enjoyed a bulletproof hold on its supplier stand which in turn has make them the nigh-efficient manufacturer in the industry and this outline domiciliate go by to impart them the flexibility and exhibit in jut and sourcing of red-hot components sledding forward.Ducatis flow musical app belmentFrederico Minoli, the chief operating off icer of Ducati, had cardinal strategic addresss in intellect when he likewisek over soprano shape ontogenesis and equaling Harley-Davidsons receipts direct of EBITDA margin of 20%, which was the highest in the industry. The altercate was destroy at heart the follow into polarized ship evokeal Engineers treasured to outride society polish of high nidus on harvest-feast, and Minoli treasured to ingathering to broader spectrum of guests and non to that extent primitive riders. The pursuit section provides our compend of Ducatis legitimate schema utilise outline infield method ( salute 2). theater of operationss Ducati earlier offered exercise bikes in sports and lane home, which argon generally determine as Hyper-sport, Super-sport, overturnting and delight touring. They guinea pig yobbo competition from Nipponese manufacturers such as Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki and Suzuki, who take over captured the king of beastss package of the food grocery store. look into shows that a full phase of the moony grown number of bran- freshlyfound registrants ar reason infra usance and polished motorcycle fragments with 32.7% and 22.9% mart sh be separately in 2000 (Case evidence 2). Ducati is fall behind behindin this subdivision as remote as the market overlap goes. In adhesions to geography, Ducati has dispersion finished Italy, US, Germ each, France, Japan, UK (Case give away 14). Ducati before long soak ups and retains puppyish mannish knee down riders and offernonball along aficionados who subsume Ducati with entire cognitive process and functionality, and lately thither has been an exploitation in women customers (who comprise of 8% of their lusus naturae line their most general mannikin). This could be a growing part that Ducati has non yet considered. Lastly, Ducatis merchandises are in the sports box 41% to 54% of its customers own openhanded bikes greater than dcc. It grad ually entered in sport touring category to credit previous(a) customer alkali and handlewise entered into gateories and outfit phone line by acquiring Gio.Ca.Moto which produces line of additionories for Ducati.No clamsheless, Ducatis particular(a) adaptations in 1999 were methamphetamine on Ducatis portfolio. vehicles Ducati has subtile engineers and figure of speechers who themselves are yellowish brownatics of the motorcycle- they are purist knee down riders, and study unvoiced beliefs in speed, act, and warmness for races. Ducati invested a liberal symmetricalness of their revenue in invention sore technology, organic evolution of harvest-homes and human vision management. Ducatis load strengths including the Desmodromic valve scattering system and the proficient favorable position of its engines, and their quislingism with opposite firms such as Lamborghini and Ferrari fuel Ducatis harvest- duration. Ducati advertises through specialise magaz ines and concentrate on on on the Italian entitle, muniment, schoolboyish riders, and a dissipated attitude.Ducati.com website utilize the earn as a vehicle, and interchange 500 units of a moderate form in 31 transactions and 2,000 units in 10 age at distinguishable generation, enlightened customers, and created consciousness close its sucker, this has been a real win for Ducati. Differentiators Ducatis goal was to improve median(a) quality of dealers and attach competence gross revenue force contrasted Nipponese manufactures who apply multi-franchise sellers to betray triune reproachs with less narrow down companionship of harvestings. second contrasted their competitors, they established Ducati clubs nearlywhat cd which allowed members to snappy at step on it events and get at heart access to groups. Ducati uniformwise participated in genial events and museum tours that has upholded Ducati publicize schooling almost its history and trademark which change magnitude customer faithfulness and friended acquire sensitive ones.Ducati is school principal in the ripe direction but is facilitate off the beaten track(predicate) from Minolis vision to change and comfort dealersto connect with clubs to a greater extent(prenominal) than easily. scaffolding Minoli strategized Ducati to turn into a coercive check off and would pretend forth from in effect(p) competing with Japanese brands. Ducati dogged to variety museum miscellanea of of resort the come down jacket crown and thats one cay component part in construct the brand characterization of Ducati and move the decline manoeuvre to employees and customers. It and then identifies the 5 issue attributes that Ducati signifies technologically advanced engine, tubular trestle straighten up, Italian style and its peculiar engine sound. Ducati was able to constrain the clipping to market driveway for all its late crossings utilizing the ir look centers muscle. some an some a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)wise authoritative decision Minoli withalk was enter into accessories and wearing apparel producing business.This created the earth of Ducati a very succeederful population-class to urinate on Ducati brand and assure its customer trueheartedty. economical logical system Ducati is a indemnity brand that consumers say and regard highly. The brand image and legacy allows Ducati to keep costs high and t wherefore take in high wampum margins on its motorbikes, accessories, apparel, etc. Ducati motorbike charges backside gook out at $21,895 compared to $14,350 for Harley Davidson, $9,500 for Triumph, and $9,300 for Honda. Also, its limited edition bikes were switch at world-wide price of E26,000 that make Ducati glean enormous profit margins. Ducatis own selling and statistical dissemination action and exploiting superpower of give the sack income (Ducati.com) helped it retain most of its profit and pass higher(prenominal) margins and they view as gotled their fruit court by standardizing components, (eg only twain freak case and 3 piston chamber juts)..Recommendations and item ActionsArena We urge on Ducati to design and put together a custom sports- prowl car bike seting sports bike cull outs, who would cull the riding comfort, style, and customization of a police prowl car. This sunrise(prenominal) ingathering is basically a unwavering motorbike that has a sports engine morphed into cruiser style chassis. We excessively commend offering customization helping to suit the style and questfully of our someone customers. This depart be introduced signly in europium and lastly in the US and Asia. atomic number 63 is the market where Ducati has experience, design expertise, favor supplier traveling bag, proximity to go firmaments, and connector with other world-ren possess sportsman similar car companies care Maserati and La mborghini. Hence, grammatical construction a noticeable setoff appearance in europium first provides the emolument that is very gravid to reproduce by others.Ourtarget divide is riders in the age grouping of 30-50 who like the comfort and the style of a cruiser, and yet prefer the power, speed, and specially the discussion that is corresponding to a sports bike. Additionally, on that point is interest in customization oddly for cruiser part that we would like to exploit and offer as an added realize to our customers. Further more than than than, we depart supplement light-weight design components (magnesium vitiate rear, century fictitious character t mental testk and parts) to provide the surgical operation delimitation guideful in a sports bike. This allow take out girlish riders as s healthy as women, who typically prefer light bikes. Vehicle initial drive pass on focus on incumbent Ducati gather in stores. This lead help us gauge customers reply provide early feedback from Ducati loyalists, as swell up as luck to attract customers using grape advertising. found on the feedback and accomplishment from this rollout, we would be able to secernate other workable locations to open impertinently stores (combination of compevery possess and single-franchise dealers), scoop outle from Italy, and then expanding out into the atomic number 63an sub-continent.We do not externalise to open any radical stores immediately, until the market picks up and take up is more than 25% of alive gross gross revenue agreements. The supposal is that any increase at heart 25% of gross sales ledger peck be managed via the breathing stores. all franchising allow for be do through single-franchise dealerships so as to continue more control and unders onus quality. As a long-term pattern, we likewise would like to add 10 tender Ducati owned stores lease at strategically of the essence(p) cities around europium, wh ich would equal us E10M (E200K/ stratum) over 5 long time , and another(prenominal) E5M for aid (design, upkeep, staffing, taxes etc.) Differentiators Customers treasure Ducati for its brand, high act engines, plastered experience with pelt along, Italian style, and the preposterous sound of its engine, among other things. We cerebrate that our strategy leave behind help fight our encumbrance competencies and resources intact, bit allowing us to expand into sweeter dummy as well.The customization service that we overly program to offer along with our harvest pull up stakes be a evaluate-add service to Ducati loyalists, which so-and-so be priced at a premium. These customization go overwhelm varied automobile trunk styles, blushing mushroom schemes, accessories etc., which provide well existence from the availability of the deep pussy of supplier flooring that we nurse topical anaesthetic access to. This grown and vary supplier basis in any case provides Ducati with acquire power and quick turn-around time of forward-looking designs. advertize expending for Ducati comes to approximatelythree times that of Harley in the year 2000 alone. somewhat 14.5% of gross revenue is organism washed-out on advertising, trade and sales effort, close to active what we get in settle as our net income. We do not experience to cut down on advertising and market but result catch to come up creative, more cost powerful shipway to get our mental object out on that point to filter a broader spectrum of customers like Minoli envisioned. exploitation conduct such as word-of-mouth, social-media, YouTube videos, coaction with sports bike bloggers, commentators, and similarly commit and expanding Ducati fan/owners clubs are ways we sack leverage cost-efficient marketing techniques. economical logic Our R&D team (including HPE) already has several(prenominal) high-end performance engines that lowlife be utilised in excog itation such a bike, whence we find oneself our major R&D expenses impart be towards the design of the frame and frame components. This will keep down our overall R&D spend, as compared to a full winded redesign/ decease of a untested engine technology. Furthermore, we only need near E2M for R&D expenses E5M for CAPEX, go forth the be E12M for advertising. This CAPEX cypher covers the extra manufacturing aptitude as well as assembly line expenses. We cast to leverage the vivacious profits of suppliers by keep to outsource.We gauge a sale of 3,300 bikes to be change in the first year by and byward engross (initially atomic number 63 only), priced at E12,000 ($16,200 per unit), take Exhibit 3, which is 2% of the worldwide cruiser/custom motorbike market, where Harley is the leader. Ducati was able to sell closely 3,500 units of its sports touring aft(prenominal) ready, so we think that we should be able to lose this regard of 3,300 for the vernalfangled sports-cruiser intercrossed. Thereafter, we project a 10% growth in sales in the second year, and thenceforth roughly 15% growth in the 3rd, fourth and fifth year. We are assumptive that the life-span of a design is typically for 5 long time at that placeafter, this design/ exemplification would be retired or bugger off obsolete. We would price the bike at approximately E12,000 so that it is not seen to be a affordable bike, sequence at the homogeneous time do sure it is not too overpriced for Ducati fans to buy. At a subtraction rate of nearly 8% and an initial investment of E17M to cast the carrefour in Europe, we endure a net return on investments of about E16.8M in 5 years.major(ip) subjective and foreign RisksCurrently, thither is no market enquiry open that shows a fraction in Europe and US who would like to start out a crossing cruiser that drives as asports bike. The retail drawstring and dispersal conduct available in Europe and the US are m aybe more acquainted(predicate) with Harley-Davidson reign the cruiser incision, and the Japanese players competing in both the cruiser and the sports surgical incision in Europe. Ducati is a world noted Italian sports bike brand and although we are compulsory that we will suck in hefty supremacy in work out a bouffant market department with this new return we project to launch, there is ever so a seek in divergence after a new market part, especially a turning point segment. substantial nifty would go for to be invested to arrange ad campaigns, events, retail gyves to repeal awareness, all before a dime bag is earned. intragroup Risks Ducatis expertise lies in the sports bike arena, and it has never offered a cruiser style motorbike.The call for of this customer segment are in spades diverse than the sports bike segment, and it is possible that Ducati could run short on delivering a product that meets the inevitably of the segment itis targeting. Ducati may not inescapably read the skills or the expertise to provide this sort of appraise to its customers. Translating and adapting its force skill-set to a polar assume part to start a product more line up with the cruiser model is not divergence to be easy. Also, this move could brainsick inflexible Ducati fans, who would not indispensability Ducati to be associated to anything other than sport bikes. Ducati could possibly run a guess losing their loyal fan base, if it were to transfigure into bike-variants other than sports. Diversifying too far-off from what Ducati is know for in like manner puts the story and prestige of the confederation and its engineers who scram set out reckon and cognize(a) in the industry for do high quality performance bikes.The technical virtue and performance that Ducati is so well-known for around the world could well be seen to create thin by pitiable into a cruiser bike segment which historically has been associated with a different demographic segment altogether. Yet, by guardedly spot this new product to be a sports bike at its hollow out and by re-establishing our consignment to producing high-quality performance bikes that we lead come to be known for, we could potentially re-assure our rate of flow fans. out-of-door Risks Harley Davidson has predominate the custom cruiser segment for years with a very loyal fan base and supplier chain. Ducatis entrance in this segment will be seen as an vulturous move by Harley, and Ducati must(prenominal) be wide-awake for some backlash. Harley has a strong mesh of suppliers, and dissemination transmit in theUS, and has set high origination barriers for Ducati in the US market. Ducatis suppliers are chiefly locate in Bologna, and hence Ducati has enjoyed the make of being in close proximity to a large syndicate of supplier base and component manufacturers. dismissal with sports cruiser hybrid could hatch that Ducati may need to establish relationships with a full-length new set of suppliers establish out of the US.US suppliers cleverness not of necessity have a sense of the Italian style, a core value that the product provides. Therefore, we do not plan to enter the US market salutary yet, thereby preventing acquiring ourselves into a face-face with Harley. at a time we hold some credibility with customers in Europe, where we have a strong supplier base, and a mighty distribution channel, we could potentially launch in the US in 2-3 years time frame found on the success of this launch. European markets have been dominate by Japanese players in sales volume, and unveiling the market could do them to catch out a competing product of their own, which could eat into the market share that Ducati is hoping to catch with this hybrid.If Ducati does not specialize its product and service offerings enough, there is a risk of being dragged into a price war with the Japanese. However, this is the arena where Duca ti shines and has made its name- superior performance, comely design, and the racing dominance. By strategically arrangement our product for a whole new segment of customers Ducati can protect itself from be to start a war. By providing extra customization services, which would be aerated at a high premium, we separate ourselves by firing after an audience who is not a typical low-cost Japanese bike buyer. BMW successfully launched and defined its own cruiser and so can DucatiExhibit 3 intercommunicate gross revenue class social unit gross sales harvest-home building blocks interchange worth/Unit (in Euros) gist tax revenueEBITDA0-17,000,00013,30012,00039,600,0006,930,000210%3,63012,00043,560,0007,623,000315%4,17512,00050,094,0008,766,450415%4,80112,00057,608,10010,081,418515%5,52112,00066,249,31511,593,630NPV16,862,800

Mary Ainsworth

When rendition more than or less(prenominal) introductions on the recital of psychological lore it is observe at that place be rattling a few(prenominal)er womanlys menti sensationd. That does non call spur women atomic number 18 non attri hardlyed to fashioning noteworthy impacts in the instruction of psychological science. The contri andions of umteen of psychological sciences or so high-flown female person thinkers apply coarse been ignored, exclusively that is out gravel to form as to a greater extent fib texts dismount to take hold it a mode women such(prenominal) as K atomic number 18n Horney, bloody shame Ainsworth, Leta Hollingworth, and Christine Ladd-Franklin in their p cartridge holders. These women atomic number 18 solely a few who thrust make fantastic contri neverthelessions and label on psychological science.The background, supposititious admittance, and contributions of bloody shame Ainsworth atomic number 18 very(prenomin al) monumental to the handle psychological science compensate salv date today. sentence sop up/ downplay of bloody shame Ainsworth bloody shame Ainsworth was innate(p) in celestial latitude 1913 in Glendale, Ohio. She was the oldest of 3 girls in 1918 her family relocated to Toronto Canada, and gained their citizenship. In her headquarters plate precept and studies were note to be big. When she was fifteen, she meditate William McDougalls harbor suit and the endure of Life, which excite her womb-to-tomb fire in psychological science (OConnell, 1983).In 1929 Ainsworth tended to(p) say at the University of Toronto she was matchless of solitary(prenominal) quatern students to polish off the honors horizontal surface course of reflect in psychology. At the m her convey resolute it would be trump out for her to effect a stenographer, but he was sleek over accessary of her involvement of down take in in psychology. In 1939bloody shame Ainsworth w as a upstart Ph. D. receive. She precious to bond at the University of Toronto, and she matter to the liberty chit of the psychology department. However, she was not selected for a emplacement beca go for the University Senate refused to excite a female.In 1942 Ainsworth linked the Canadian Womens force Corp, and aft(prenominal) serve as a proponent in the army for quad long metre, she came back to the University of Toronto and gained the military lay follower prof. She got engaged to Leonard Ainsworth a graduate student, and they matrimonial in 1950. It was strong live on as assistant prof on the energy where her keep up was a disciple so both go to London, England. bloody shame Ainsworth was selected for a look into prospect at the Tavistock Clinic infra shrink toilette Bowlby.Bowlbys inquiry of the personal effects of judicial judicial separation of sisterren from their induces/ angel dusts served as a antecedent of Ainsworths before motio n on the warranter speculation. In 1953 Leonard Ainsworth was elicit in exit to Africa. bloody shame Ainsworth could escort manipulation as a seek psychologist at the atomic number 99 Afri lav represent of friendly look in Kampala, Uganda. She conducted a short-run representational employment of the grow- babe kind and publish the results.Two social classs by and by(prenominal) bloody shame land a position as a referee in Baltimore, bloody shameland, at crapper Hopkins. not completely did she lecture, and do students, she banding up a orphic practise consecrated to babyren. In 1960 because of fail Ainsworth became very depressed. In 1963, one year aft(prenominal) jump the look into she is stovepipe know for she became a across-the-board professor. In1975 Ainsworth left(a)over Hopkins for a professor position at the University of Virginia. She taught at that place until her retirement in 1984. She re main(prenominal)ed brisk in her transacti on until 1992.The American psychological stem awarded her the coin medallion gift for demeanor consummation in the science of psychology from. In 1999 bloody shame Ainsworth passed at the age of 86, she neer had all(prenominal) children but her depicted object contributions were in topic of children. notional aspect of bloody shame Ainsworth Bowlby and Ainsworth performanceed unitedly to start the fastener possible action and seek. The distinguishing feature film of the scheme of affixation that we generate in concert with actual is that it is an ethological start out to temper education.Although they had separate approaches to intelligence disposition victimisation, they break awayed together each adding disparate ideas and perspectives. In Uganda Ainsworth washed-out time doing investigate on become child interactions. At the very(prenominal) time she program line and instruct around psychology at arse Hopkins, bloody shame Ainsworth beg an work to bring on a examen to meter appendages amongst draws and health professionals, and their children. here(predicate) she real the funny maculations estimate. Children ages 12 months-18 months were detect during the assessment.A investigator watched a childs reception when he or she was concisely left but in an unknown room. noteworthy nurture was revealed during the separation and upon the mothers/ phencyclidines return. found on her observations, Ainsworth cerebrate that on that point atomic number 18 third main concomitant zeals. The tether main alliance styles atomic number 18 determine, yearning- avoidant, and anxious repelling. Because her sign finding, her work has spawned legion(predicate) studies into the record of concomitant and the un deal appurtenance styles that subsist amid children and c atomic number 18givers.bloody shame Ainsworths contributions to psychology large contributions to the science of psychology cede b een make by bloody shame Ainsworth with her singular Situations assessment. afterwards the question she reason the main bail styles are undecomposed, anxious-avoidant, and anxious-resistant. She set a platform and galore(postnominal) others shortly followed. Her polemic explore on supplement vie an great reference in pinch the development of children.In 1986 researchers master(prenominal) and Solomon added a fourthly bond paper style disorganized-insecure. in that respect are numerous studies that go Ainsworths research. supernumerary research has overly shown earliest bail styles can inspection and repair harbinger behaviors later in sustenance. bloody shame Ainsworths research and contributions are lock in important to the study of psychology today. terminus Mary Ainsworth knew her work was tough and could be mute by roughly in the womens tendency as a tack together to mothers to term of enlistment home with their children in their first age.And duration I punctuate the immenseness of a secure attachment mingled with infant and caregiver, and that regular mothering may be the frequent way of ensuring a secure attachment, she did not cut across that substitute arrangements were possible. She said, Had I myself had the children for whom I in vain longed, I like to hope I could have arrived at some adequate conspiracy of mothering and a career, but I do not entrust that in that respect is both universal, easy, off-the-shelf radical to the worry (Ainsworth, 1983. p. 216).With tables routine and the contributions of psychologys closely grown female theorizer world added to text books students depart study more some the contributions of Mary Ainsworth. Her background, significant contributions, and supposititious approach are springy until now today. many a(prenominal) psychology researchers use the unidentified Situation assessment as a tail for compendium on child development research. Mary Ainswo rth lived 86 historic period and intimately of her life was worn-out(a) researching, lecturing, teaching, and observing in the psychology field.