Cogeneration And Trigeneration Methods Engineering Essay

Cogeneration And Trigeneration Methods Engineering EssayCogeneration and trigeneration argon methods employ for producing to a abundanter extent than one useful form of efficacy from only one energy source. These both methods in todays world are very important because efficiency, raise prices and emissions are a great a concern. Both methods give the hazard to increase efficiency drastically up to 60% to 80% which is much(prenominal) more than the conventional force prove which has an efficiency of about 30%.1The 60% to 80% efficiencies that both methods present have a great effect on cost savings, reduced atm pollution, greenhouse blow emissions, increased spot reliability and quality, reduced grid congestion and avoided diffusion losses.2All these factors mentioned, as discussed before are all important and cogeneration and trigeneration encourage achieve this.Both agreements are normally have barely I ordain explain both cogeneration and trigeneration separatel y and then give drills were these systems are utilise in real life.CogenerationCogeneration is also known as have heat and power (CHP). Plants utilize a cogeneration system use the publish of for example a reciprocating railway locomotive to heat the premises. This pith that instead of throwing away(predicate) the turf out, it is world re employ but this beat as heat energy. This is done by using a heat money changer to transfer heat from the wear upon natural gas to process heat. Cogeneration kick upst railway liness a given amount of electric power and process heat with 10% to 30% less provide than it takes to lift the electricity and process heat separately.3Cogeneration combine Heat and Power manakin 1 Cogeneration diesel engine generator plant4Figure 1 to a broad(prenominal)er place shows a diesel engine driving a generator. give the sack in the form of natural gas, bio gas or bio diesel is used to run the engine. The engine is coupled to a generator which produces electricity. The plant above shows two heat exchangers, one for cooling system the engine and raising the used cold urine coming from process heat and the other is an pulsate gas heat exchanger only to raise again the temperature of the water for process heat. The water cooling the engine which is normally at nigh 90oC enters the heat exchanger (bottom one) which by heat transfers and the number law of thermodynamics is cooled but the cold waters temperature is raised. In the exhaust gas heat exchanger the temperature of the water already heated in the bottom heat exchanger is heated again and sent for process heat.A simple example is, imagine a hotel having a generator to produce electricity and at the moment its full of guests and the ambient temperature outside is around 2oC below zero. This means that the commutation rut needs to be running constantly to spare the guests in a comfortable environment. Therefore a lot of fuel is being used to heat up the boilers to produce travel for central heating. Imagine the hotel employs the plant shown in figure 1. No fuel will be used for heating because the fuel used to run the engine is also being used (indirectly) for process heat.There exist two main types of cogeneration techniques which are topping circle and bottoming round of golf plants.Topping oscillation cogeneration plantTopping wheel plants generate electricity or automatic power first. Some facilities may generate the electricity for themselves only and both(prenominal) may even sell whatever power that is not being used. There exist four types of topping cycle cogeneration plants.Combined cycle topping systemThe first type burns fuel in a gas turbine as shown in figure 2 or diesel engine to produce electrical or mechanical power. transit heat, or steam that then drives the secondary steam turbine is produced by the exhaust entering a heat recuperation boiler.5Figure 2 Combined cycle topping system6Steam turbine topping system The second type of system burns fuel which can be any type to produce high-pressure steam that then passes through a steam turbine to produce power. The exhaust provides low-pressure process steam as shown in figure 3.7Figure 3 Steam turbine topping system8Heat retrieval topping systemThis type burns a fuel such as natural gas, diesel etc. The cooling system (engine coolant) goes to a heat rec everywherey boiler, where it is converted to process steam and hot water for space heating.Figure 4 Heat recovery topping systemTherefore this type produces electricity, process steam, hot water supply and heating as shown above in figure 4.9 splatter turbine topping systemThis type of system uses a natural gas turbine to drive a generator. The exhaust gas goes to a heat recovery boiler that makes process steam and process heat as shown in figure 5.10Figure 5 Gas turbine topping system11Bottoming cycle plantsThese type of plants are less common then topping cycle plants. Normally this type of plant is used in heavy industries where high temperature furnaces are used.httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin85DwY_YF3UUR10BeU82NSHLX0kMZqru_D_9vfVCQv9GeMzuoN1-bmU_zR7T5yMILKY1Jucj_VNdAAz71kWjeM7ISz9kf53XL0RLzJ_hZM8Rv_6B4wj2Hea-BW6UBnbBElbs075WgoAc/s1600/bottoming-cycle-system-cogeneration.jpgFigure 6 Bottoming cycle system12After heating the furnace or any manufacturing heating process the waste heat is then passed through a recovery boiler. The waste heat is used to produce heat which then drives a steam turbine to produce electricity.TrigenerationTrigeneration also referred to combined heating, cooling and power (CHCP) is a system where this time three types of energies are produced from one energy source. The difference between cogeneration and trigeneration is that in trigeneration chilled water for air conditioning or process use is produced. This is done by using an absorption or adsorption chiller.Just as a cogeneration power plant grabs and makes use of the waste heat, absorption or adsorption chillers capture the waste (or rejected) heat and produce chilled water.13Ther efore the major advantage over cogeneration is that now if a plant whole kit and caboodle using trigeneration, hot water, air conditioning (using chilled water) and power generation. Therefore an industry having this system will authorize less money due to having a more efficient plant when compared to cogeneration and especially when compared to conventional plants.Adsorption ChillerAn adsorption chiller work purely using hot water. It uses the principle of using solid sorption materials such as silica gel and zeolites.http//www.raee.org/climatisationsolaire/ chart/new/adsorption_sh.gifFigure 7 Schematic for an adsorption chiller14These type of chillers have a hearty structure and are easy to install. There are no possibilities of crystallization, corrosion, wild leaks, and the electricity consumption is minimal15. They are commonly used in a commercial environment. absorption ChillerAn absorption chiller works by using hot water, steam or combustion. The solution used contain s water and lithium bromide salt to absorb heat from the surroundings. No refrigerant is used which means no harm is done to the environment.http//www.raee.org/climatisationsolaire/graph/new/absorption.gifFigure 8 Schematic for an absorption chiller16Absorption chillers are the most distributed worldwide and they are more efficient. Their lifetime is much longer than adsorption chillers. Moreover they have high maintenance time and low corrosion protection.17Say something small about trigenerators and put ceremonious of plant.